1LA7133-4AA60

1LA7133-4AA60

凝结水余热回收方式

凝结水余热回收系统按其是否与大气直接相通可分为开式系统和闭式系统两类。开式回收系统将用汽设备排放的蒸汽凝结水回收到敞口的集水箱或集水池中，由于集水器直接与大气相通，蒸汽及凝结水因压力减至常压而闪蒸形成二次蒸汽后排入大气，剩余凝结水温度降至100℃以下。

为防止输送水泵汽蚀而兑入冷水，实际回收凝结水温度仅有70℃左右。由于空气中的二氧化碳等气体溶入凝结水，常造成管道腐蚀。与凝结水直接排放相比，仍有一定的节能效果。

闭式回收系统中凝结水在回收过程中不与大气接触，系统内凝结水压力始终高于大气压力，使凝结水温度低于该压力下的沸点，凝结水的热能可以得到充分利用。而且闭式系统的凝结水能保持蒸汽原有品质，没有增加溶解氧量，是品质良好的软化水，减少了水处理的费用，可直接用于锅炉补水。

假设用汽设备内蒸汽压力为P1，凝结水集水箱内压力为P2，大气压力为P0，则P2越接近P1，节能效果越好;P2越接近P0，回收系统的密闭性越差，节能效果也越差;当P2等于P0时，实际上就相当于开式系统。闭式回收系统是目前凝结水回收的较好方式，日本普遍采用闭式凝结水回收系统，凝结水回收温度高于100℃。

1.2浆纱机凝结水利用方式

浆纱机烘筒凝结水中CaCO3含量低于十万分之一，浊度不高于2度，不含杂质，为优质软水;浆纱凝结水温度在70℃～130℃，虽属于低品位余热，仍有较高的回收价值。目前，浆纱机烘筒凝结水的利用方式主要有以下利用方式。

利用方式1、换热

余热回收zui主要的技术是换热，所谓换热就是在冷热流体间进行热传递，又称热交换。凝结水余热通过热交换器加热新鲜冷水实现余热回收。通过换热器回收浆纱机凝结水余热是目前浆纱机凝结水余热回收zui主要的方式。烘筒凝结水温度由100℃左右降低到68℃后排放，循环水温度由18℃加热到66℃后进行利用。可见，换热仍然有超过50%能量和*的凝结水浪费，经济性差，效益不显著。

2、锅炉补水

近几年，一些纺织企业已探索将烘筒凝结水作为锅炉补水。主要办法是用敞口的凝结水箱收集烘筒凝结水，水箱中凝结水闪蒸产生的二次蒸汽经排汽管排入大气，凝结水则通过水泵送入锅炉回用。这种方式属于开式回收，只能回收部分显热，节能效果有限。浆纱机烘筒凝结水闭式回收技术目前尚未见报道。闭式回收系统既能充分回收凝结水余热，又能全部回收凝结水，同时避免了凝结水的污染和水处理。因此采用闭式回收系统将烘筒冷凝水回收至锅炉制成蒸汽的技术是一个值得研究的课题。

3、闪蒸

饱和凝结水因压力降低而再次蒸发成蒸汽的现象称为闪蒸。由于闪蒸能够吸收凝结水的热量，所以闪蒸技术也是凝结水余热回收工艺之一。但由于浆纱烘筒凝结水闪蒸汽量相对较少，这方面的使用还没看到。

2浆纱机烘筒凝结水余热回收系统

2.1浆纱机烘筒凝结水余热回收方案和设备的确定

根据上述余热回收技术的探析，采用闭式凝结水回收技术方案，烘筒凝结水直接回用于锅炉补水，可以减少水处理的过程，避免余热和水的浪费，减少环境污染。

凝结水的回收方式分为余压回收和加压回收两种。余压又叫做背压，是利用疏水器背压输送凝结水的一种方式，这种方式适用于蒸汽压力200kPa以上的用汽设备;加压回收就是利用凝结水回收装置克服管道阻力回收凝结水的一种方式，该方式余热回收率高。具体实施方案见图1。炉2用水经过进水管和过滤器1输入，锅炉2产生的高压蒸汽经分汽包3供给浆纱机烘筒7进行烘燥;烘筒7的凝结水由疏水器8通过闭式管路9收集到集水箱10，经离心泵12加压输回锅炉2;集水箱10中的闪蒸汽通过喷射热泵5升压至蒸汽管4回用;烘筒内蒸汽压力为0.35MPa，闭式管路9中的凝结水压力达0.2MPa，高于大气压力，且不与外界大气接触。

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